Tun daga farkon wannan shekarar, matsalar da ake fuskanta a harkar sufurin jiragen ruwa ta kasa da kasa ta yi fice musamman.Jaridu sun zama ruwan dare a cikin cunkoso.Farashin jigilar kayayyaki ya tashi bi da bi kuma yana kan matsayi mai girma.Mummunan tasiri ga dukkan bangarorin ya bayyana sannu a hankali.
Abubuwan da ke faruwa akai-akai na toshewa da jinkirtawa
Tun a watan Maris da Afrilu na wannan shekara, toshewar mashigar ruwa ta Suez ya haifar da tunani game da sarkar samar da dabaru na duniya.Duk da haka, tun daga lokacin, abubuwan da suka faru na cunkoson jiragen ruwa, da tsare su a tashoshin jiragen ruwa, da kuma jinkirin samar da kayayyaki suna ci gaba da faruwa akai-akai.
A cewar wani rahoto daga Kudancin California Maritime Exchange a ranar 28 ga Agusta, jimillar jiragen ruwa 72 sun yi jigilar kaya a tashar jiragen ruwa na Los Angeles da Long Beach a rana guda, wanda ya zarce rikodin da ya gabata na 70;Jiragen ruwan kwantena guda 44 da aka jibge a matsugunan ruwa, wanda 9 daga cikinsu na cikin yankin da ke tudun ruwa, shi ma ya karya tarihin jiragen ruwa 40 a baya;jimillar jiragen ruwa iri-iri iri-iri 124 ne aka jibge a tashar, kuma jimillar jiragen da aka jibge a tashar jiragen ruwa sun kai 71. Babban dalilan da suka haddasa wannan cunkoson sun hada da karancin ma’aikata, tashe-tashen hankula da ke da nasaba da cutar da kuma yawaitar saye-sayen biki.Tashoshin ruwan California a Los Angeles da Long Beach suna lissafin kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na shigo da Amurka.Dangane da bayanai daga tashar jiragen ruwa na Los Angeles, matsakaicin lokacin jiran waɗannan jiragen ruwa ya karu zuwa kwanaki 7.6.
Babban daraktan musaya na Kudancin California Kip Ludit ya fada a watan Yuli cewa yawan adadin kwantena a anka yana tsakanin sifili da daya.Lutit ya ce: “Waɗannan jiragen sun ninka girman waɗanda aka gani shekaru 10 ko 15 da suka wuce sau biyu ko uku.Suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo kafin a sauke su, suna kuma buƙatar ƙarin manyan motoci, ƙarin jiragen ƙasa, da ƙari.Ƙarin ɗakunan ajiya don lodawa."
Tun lokacin da Amurka ta sake fara ayyukan tattalin arziki a watan Yulin bara, tasirin karuwar jigilar dakon kaya ya bayyana.Kamfanin dillancin labaran Bloomberg ya bayar da rahoton cewa, a bana, cinikayyar Amurka da Sin ta yi ta cika, kuma masu sayar da kayayyaki na sayayya a gaba, don gaishe da bukukuwan Amurka da kuma bikin makon zinare na kasar Sin a watan Oktoba, wanda ya kara tsananta jigilar kayayyaki.
Dangane da bayanan da kamfanin bincike na Amurka Descartes Datamyne ya fitar, yawan jigilar kaya daga Asiya zuwa Amurka a watan Yuli ya karu da kashi 10.6% a duk shekara zuwa 1,718,600 (wanda aka lissafta a cikin kwantena mai ƙafa 20), wanda ya fi haka. na shekarar da ta gabata na watanni 13 a jere.Watan ya kai matsayi mafi girma.
Ana fama da mamakon ruwan sama da guguwar Ada ta haddasa, hukumar tashar jiragen ruwa ta New Orleans ta tilasta dakatar da tashar ta na kwantena da kasuwancin jigilar kayayyaki.Dillalan kayayyakin amfanin gona na cikin gida sun daina fitar da ayyukansu zuwa kasashen waje tare da rufe akalla wata masana'antar murkushe waken soya.
A farkon wannan bazarar, Fadar White House ta ba da sanarwar kafa wata runduna ta kawo cikas ga sarkar samar da kayayyaki don taimakawa wajen sauƙaƙa ƙullun da wadata.A ranar 30 ga watan Agusta, Fadar White House da Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Amurka sun nada John Bockarie a matsayin wakilin tashar jiragen ruwa na musamman na Hukumar Katse Sarkar Supply Chain.Zai yi aiki tare da Sakataren Sufuri Pete Buttigieg da Majalisar Tattalin Arziƙi na Ƙasa don warware koma baya, jinkirin bayarwa da ƙarancin samfuran da masu siye da kasuwancin Amurka ke fuskanta.
A Asiya, Bona Senivasan S, shugaban kamfanin fitar da kayayyaki na Gokaldas, daya daga cikin manyan masu fitar da kayan a Indiya, ya ce an samu hauhawar farashin kwantena guda uku da karancin kayayyaki ya haifar da jinkirin jigilar kayayyaki.Kamal Nandi shi ne shugaban kungiyar masu sana’ar sarrafa kayan masarufi ta masu amfani da lantarki da lantarki, ya ce yawancin kwantenan an kai su kasashen Amurka da Turai, kuma akwai kwantenan Indiya kadan.Shugabannin masana'antu sun ce yayin da karancin kwantena ya kai kololuwa, fitar da wasu kayayyakin na iya raguwa a cikin watan Agusta.Sun ce a watan Yuli, fitar da shayi, kofi, shinkafa, taba, kayan yaji, goro, nama, kiwo, kaji da tama na karfe duk sun ragu.
Babban haɓakar buƙatun kayan masarufi a Turai kuma yana ƙara ta'azzara matsalolin jigilar kayayyaki.Rotterdam, tashar jiragen ruwa mafi girma a Turai, dole ne ya yaki cunkoso a wannan bazarar.A Burtaniya, karancin direbobin manyan motoci ya haifar da cikas a tashoshin jiragen ruwa da tashoshin jiragen kasa na cikin kasa, lamarin da ya tilastawa wasu rumfunan ajiyar kayayyaki kin kai sabbin kwantena har sai an rage koma baya.
Bugu da kari, barkewar annobar a tsakanin ma’aikatan da ke lodi da kuma sauke kwantena, ya sa an rufe wasu tashoshin jiragen ruwa na wani dan lokaci.
Fihirisar ƙimar kaya ya kasance babba
Lamarin toshewar jigilar kayayyaki da tsare shi yana nuna halin da ake ciki wanda saboda sake komawar buƙatu, matakan shawo kan cutar, raguwar ayyukan tashar jiragen ruwa, da raguwar inganci, tare da karuwar tsarewar jiragen ruwa da guguwa ta haifar, wadata da buƙatun. jiragen ruwa suna son zama m.
Wannan ya shafa, kusan dukkanin manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci sun yi tashin gwauron zabi.Dangane da bayanai daga Xeneta, mai bin diddigin farashin kaya, farashin jigilar kaya mai tsawon ƙafa 40 daga Gabas Mai Nisa zuwa Arewacin Turai ya tashi daga ƙasa da dalar Amurka 2,000 zuwa dalar Amurka 13,607 a makon da ya gabata;Farashin jigilar kayayyaki daga Gabas mai Nisa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Bahar Rum ya tashi daga dalar Amurka 1913 zuwa dalar Amurka 12,715.Dalar Amurka;Matsakaicin farashin jigilar kwantena daga kasar Sin zuwa gabar tekun yammacin Amurka ya karu daga dalar Amurka 3,350 a bara zuwa dalar Amurka 7,574;jigilar kayayyaki daga gabas mai nisa zuwa gabacin gabar tekun Kudancin Amurka ya karu daga dalar Amurka 1,794 a bara zuwa dalar Amurka 11,594.
Rashin ƙarancin busassun busassun busassun busasawa kuma yana da tsawaita.A ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, kuɗin haya na Cape of Good Hope na manyan busassun dillalai ya kai dalar Amurka 50,100, wanda ya ninka na farkon watan Yuni sau 2.5.Kudaden yarjejeniya na manyan busassun jiragen ruwa masu safarar karafa da sauran tasoshin sun yi tashin gwauron zabo, wanda ya kai ga kusan shekaru 11.Indexididdigar jigilar kayayyaki ta Baltic (1000 a cikin 1985), wacce ke nuna cikakkiyar kasuwa ga busasshen dillalai, ya kasance maki 4195 a ranar 26 ga Agusta, matakin mafi girma tun daga Mayu 2010.
Haɓakar farashin jigilar kayayyaki na jiragen ruwa ya haɓaka odar jigilar kaya.
Bayanai daga kamfanin bincike na Biritaniya Clarkson sun nuna cewa, adadin odar kera kwantenoni a farkon rabin shekarar nan ya kai 317, matakin da ya kai mafi girma tun farkon rabin shekarar 2005, wanda ya karu da sau 11 bisa makamancin lokacin bara.
Bukatar jiragen ruwa daga manyan kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki na duniya ma yana da yawa sosai.Adadin oda a farkon rabin shekarar 2021 ya kai matsayi na biyu mafi girma a tarihin kundin odar rabin shekara.
Ƙaruwar odar kera jiragen ruwa ya yi tashin gwauron zabo na jiragen ruwa.A watan Yuli, ma'aunin farashin sabon ginin kwantena na Clarkson ya kai 89.9 (100 a cikin Janairu 1997), karuwar shekara-shekara na maki 12.7 cikin dari, wanda ya kai kusan shekaru tara da rabi.
Bisa kididdigar da aka samu daga kasuwar hada-hadar jiragen ruwa ta Shanghai, yawan jigilar kayayyaki na kwantena mai kafa 20 da aka aika daga Shanghai zuwa Turai a karshen watan Yuli ya kai dalar Amurka 7,395, wanda ya karu da sau 8.2 a shekara;Kwantena masu ƙafa 40 da aka aika zuwa gaɓar gabas na Amurka sun kasance dalar Amurka 10,100 kowannensu, tun daga 2009 A karon farko tun lokacin da aka samu kididdiga, alamar dalar Amurka 10,000 ta wuce;a tsakiyar watan Agusta, jigilar kaya zuwa gabar tekun Yamma na Amurka ya karu zuwa dalar Amurka 5,744 (kafa 40), karuwar 43% daga farkon shekara.
Manyan kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki na Japan, irin su Nippon Yusen, sun yi annabta a farkon kasafin kuɗin wannan shekarar cewa "farashin kaya zai fara raguwa daga Yuni zuwa Yuli."Amma a zahiri, saboda tsananin buƙatun jigilar kaya haɗe da hargitsi na tashar jiragen ruwa, ƙarfin jigilar kayayyaki, da hauhawar farashin kaya, kamfanonin jigilar kaya sun haɓaka tsammanin ayyukansu na shekarar kasafin kuɗi na 2021 (har zuwa Maris 2022) kuma ana tsammanin za su sami mafi girman kudaden shiga. a tarihi.
Daban-daban mara kyau suna fitowa
Tasirin jam'iyyu da yawa sakamakon cunkoson jigilar kayayyaki da hauhawar farashin kaya zai bayyana a hankali.
Jinkirin samar da kayayyaki da hauhawar farashin yana da tasiri sosai ga rayuwar yau da kullun.A cewar rahotanni, gidan cin abinci na Burtaniya na McDonald ya cire milkshakes da wasu abubuwan sha na kwalabe daga menu kuma ya tilasta sarkar kajin Nandu ta rufe shaguna 50 na wani dan lokaci.
Dangane da tasirin farashin, mujallar Time ta yi imanin cewa saboda fiye da kashi 80% na cinikin kayayyaki ana jigilar su ta teku, hauhawar farashin kaya yana barazana ga farashin komai daga kayan wasa, kayan daki da kayan mota zuwa kofi, sukari da anchovies.Damuwar damuwa game da haɓaka hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a duniya.
Associationungiyar Toy ta bayyana a cikin wata sanarwa ga kafofin watsa labarai na Amurka cewa rushewar sarkar lamari ne mai bala'i ga kowane nau'in mabukaci."Kamfanonin kayan wasan yara suna fama da karuwar 300% zuwa 700% na hauhawar farashin kaya… Samun damar kwantena da sarari zai haifar da ƙarin farashi mai yawa.Yayin da bikin ke gabatowa, masu siyar da kayayyaki za su fuskanci karancin abinci kuma masu siye za su fuskanci farashi mai yawa."
Ga wasu ƙasashe, ƙarancin kayan aikin jigilar kayayyaki yana da mummunan tasiri kan fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ketare.Babban daraktan kungiyar masu fitar da shinkafa ta Indiya Vinod Kaur, ya ce a farkon watanni uku na shekarar 2022, shinkafar Basmati ta ragu da kashi 17%.
Ga kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki, yayin da farashin karafa ya hauhawa, farashin aikin jiragen ruwa ma na kara hauhawa, wanda hakan na iya jawo raguwar ribar kamfanonin da ke yin odar jiragen ruwa masu tsada.
Manazarta masana'antu na ganin cewa akwai yuwuwar faduwar farashin kayayyaki a kasuwa idan aka kammala jigilar jiragen ruwa da kuma sanya su a kasuwa daga shekarar 2023 zuwa 2024. Wasu mutane sun fara nuna damuwa cewa za a samu rarar sabbin jiragen da aka ba da umarnin a lokacin da suke. amfani a cikin shekaru 2 zuwa 3.Nao Umemura, babban jami'in kudi na kamfanin jigilar kayayyaki na kasar Japan Merchant Marine Mitsui, ya ce, "A zahirin gaskiya, ina shakkar ko bukatar kayan da ake bukata za ta iya ci gaba."
Yomasa Goto, wani mai bincike a Cibiyar Maritime ta Japan, yayi nazari, "Yayin da sabbin umarni ke ci gaba da fitowa, kamfanoni suna sane da hadarin."A cikin mahallin cikakken saka hannun jari a cikin sabbin jiragen ruwa na jigilar mai don jigilar iskar gas mai ruwa da hydrogen, tabarbarewar yanayin kasuwa da hauhawar farashin zai zama haɗari.
Rahoton bincike na UBS ya nuna cewa ana sa ran cunkoson tashar jiragen ruwa zai ci gaba har zuwa shekarar 2022. Rahotannin da manyan kamfanonin hada-hadar kudi Citigroup da The Economist Intelligence Unit suka fitar sun nuna cewa wadannan matsalolin suna da tushe mai zurfi kuma da wuya su bace nan ba da jimawa ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba 18-2021